mRNA vaccines are a new type of vaccine to protect against infectious diseases.
•Unlike a normal vaccine, RNA vaccines work by introducing an mRNA sequence (the molecule which tells cells what to build) which is coded for a disease specific antigen. Once produced within the body, the antigen is recognised by the immune system, preparing it to fight the real thing.
omessenger RNAs (mRNA) are one of the types of RNAthat is transcribed from DNA and travels into a cell's cytoplasm where it's translated by ribosomes into proteins.
•mRNA vaccines teach our cells how to make a protein—or even just a piece of a protein—that triggers an immune response inside our bodies. That immune response, which produces antibodies, is what protects us from getting infected if the real virus enters our bodies.
•mRNA vaccines can be delivered using a number of methods, via needle-syringe injections or needle-free into the skin, injection into the blood, muscle, lymph node or directly into organs; or via a nasal spray.•There are different types of mRNA vaccinelike Non-replicating mRNA, In vivo self-replicating mRNA, In vitro dendritic cell non-replicating mRNA vaccine etc.
•Benefits of RNA Vaccines
oSafe and non-infectious : RNA vaccines are not made with pathogen particles or inactivated pathogen, so are non-infectious. RNA does not integrate itself into the host genome and interact with our DNA. The RNA strand in the vaccine is degraded once the protein is made.
oEfficacy: Clinical trials found that mRNA vaccines can generate a stronger type of immunity as compared to traditional vaccines, and are well-tolerated by healthy individuals with few side effects.
oProduction: Vaccines can be produced more rapidly in the laboratory in a process that can be standardised, which improves responsiveness to emerging outbreaks
Source VisionIAS
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